Ventilation in a private house with stove heating

Connecting to central heating is not always possible and economically justified. Especially when it comes to life in a dacha cooperative or a remote village. In such a situation, you can limit yourself to a beautiful brick stove for a private house; photos of the best options are in our article.

The main advantage of this heating option is the use of brick blocks. They accumulate heat and release it over a long period of time. The draft promotes ventilation of the premises, the walls of the building remain dry, which is especially important for wooden cottages.

If this is provided for by the design, you can cook food. Some models provide a special bed for resting and sleeping.

But we should not forget about the negative aspects. In particular, only the rooms directly adjacent to the heating equipment are heated. The further the room is from the firebox, the colder it will be. There is only one way to fix the problem - to equip several units. They may have combined or separate chimneys. If the cottage is compact (according to the five-wall principle), the stove is placed in the central part. From the living rooms one can admire the open brazier; in the kitchen one can cook dinner.

Types of brick stoves for the home - photos

All existing modifications belong to one of the basic variations. They are adjusted, modified in size and shape, taking into account the parameters of the room and the wishes of the customer.

Russian

The main differences from all other variations are the massiveness and the presence of a sleeping place. For pots and pans there is a wide firebox, closed with a damper. The walls are heated by smoke channels of considerable length.

Dutch

You won't be able to cook a roast on it. The main purpose is to heat rooms through special passages from bottom to top.

Heating appliances are relatively small in size. They are chosen by the owners of country houses, including two-story ones. The shape of the unit is not strictly regulated. It can be chosen based on personal preferences. One thing remains mandatory - the height exceeds the width.

Swede

It is smaller in size than the Dutch one, but in terms of efficiency and versatility it is comparable to the Russian one. You can cook food on it and dry wet shoes in special niches. The Swedish stove is a channel-type stove, but the flue gases burn out under the roof. The design is not intended for large cottages. Its power is only enough for neighboring rooms. Another application is as an addition to a standard heating system.

A significant disadvantage is the high cost of masonry due to the use of fireclay bricks. In addition, a significant part of the heat escapes through the lower part. This can be avoided if you spend money on thermal insulation.

Bell furnaces

They appeared relatively recently, but have already gained popularity due to their uniform heating and ability to retain heat for a long time. The main difference from all the previously listed options is the lack of channels.

When wood or coal is burned, smoke rises to the top of the dome. Here it slowly cools and falls down along the walls, warming them up. The internal space can consist of dozens of individual vaults, which significantly increases the efficiency of the equipment.

Bell-type structures are characterized by minimal masonry costs and the ability to quickly warm up, including in winter. The gas view will not allow the structure to cool quickly when the damper is open. The original version does not have a hob, but if necessary, it is quite easy to build it in.

Features of using furnaces

The frequency of combustion is the main feature of stove heating. The design of the heating stove is usually made of brick or stone. It is massive and is capable of accumulating a fairly large amount of heat released during fuel combustion. Therefore, after a more or less lengthy combustion process, the chimney must be closed with a special valve so that the heat does not escape through it. The combustion process is also accompanied by the supply of fuel, its ignition, and the removal of residual combustion products. But most of the time, the heating furnace simply releases heat into the house. At the same time, its surface may not be very hot, however, due to the large area, effective heating of the room is possible.

Stove heating creates comfort in the home

The second feature of stove heating is the location of the stove itself in the heated room, in contrast to the boiler, which is located in a separate boiler room. The stove located inside is usually heated from the room, and therefore additional requirements regarding fire safety and ventilation must be observed in it.

In rooms that do not require constant maintenance of a positive temperature, temporary heating can be provided using small, lightweight stoves. They are often made of metal, which heats up quickly and cools down quickly. Almost immediately after the start of combustion, such stoves begin to give off heat, quickly warming up the room. They are of little use for constant heating, since they immediately cool down as the fuel burns.

Advantages of stove heating

Even with the availability of new, highly efficient, technologically advanced heating systems, stoves are still very often used, due to the many advantages of such heating:

• no additional energy sources or any communications are needed, just a certain supply of fuel is enough, which allows you to have completely autonomous heating in the building;
• installing furnaces is much cheaper than installing equipment for other types of heating; moreover, there is practically no need for debugging and repair work;
• the availability and low price of fuel, combined with the frequency of heating, allows us to judge the efficiency of stove heating;
• when using stoves, as a rule, a coolant liquid that can freeze at subzero temperatures is not used, and this allows you to stop the heating process in any conditions, and, if necessary, quickly resume it;
• There are a lot of options for stove heating - you can arrange it in the form of a fireplace, include dryers, stove beds, grills, stoves, tanks for heating water in the design of the stove;
• Having sufficient skills and the necessary tools, you can carry out stove heating for a private home with your own hands.

Flaws

Of course, along with the advantages, stove heating is not without certain disadvantages:

• starting heating after a long break in operation will take some time, and warming up the room will not begin immediately;
• automation of stove heating is practically impossible;
• the coefficient of performance (COP) of stoves is quite low, and if not for the availability of fuel, stove heating would be economically ineffective;
• heating is carried out due to heat transfer from a massive body, which should be located indoors, significantly reducing its usable area;
• it is almost impossible to build a heating stove in a finished building if its presence was not taken into account in the design, since the stove requires a separate massive foundation;
• Firewood for stove heating must be prepared long before the start of the heating season so that it has time to dry.

  
  Birch firewood

Types of furnace equipment for gas movement

The brick warms up well and releases energy into the surrounding space for a long time. But this is not enough for high-quality heating of the kitchen or bedrooms. The heat capacity is increased due to the arrangement of special chambers that promote heating of the walls.

Without going into technical details, the movement of smoke through special channels occurs as follows:

• During the combustion of wood or coal, gases are formed that have an extremely high temperature. Under the influence of physical laws, they rise upward, but are delayed due to obstacles in the form of jumpers and valves;
• smoke begins to spread through the flues, heating the walls;
• the temperature of combustion products decreases. They go into the outlet pipe.

If the channels are laid horizontally, less time is spent on cooling than in analogues with vertical ones. The reason is the low air speed. The inevitable consequence is uneven heating of the rooms.

If we analyze all existing types of stoves, it is preferable to choose units with chimneys laid from the bottom up. No additional effort is required to move the gas. They inevitably move upward and warm up the surrounding space.

But equipment with a vertical chimney is not without its drawbacks. If, in the presence of horizontal channels, the space around the firebox warms up more, then here the heat accumulates in the upper part. The first option is more consistent with fire safety standards.

Another important point concerns furnaces with vertical channels. They should not be too long. The gas passing through them will cool down greatly. The result is uneven heating.

In bell-type heaters, it was possible to partially eliminate the disadvantages associated with heat distribution. Here, separate outlets open into a single chamber. The smoke passes through small-diameter holes and is collected in a hood under the upper ceiling. The combustion products partially cool and fall down. Then they rush into the atmosphere, obeying the natural forces of nature.

In terms of heat capacity, bell-type units are better than their analogues. They are chosen when it comes to heating a house of a large area. If you need to heat a small building at the dacha, a Dutch or Swedish one is enough.

Making a boiler

Uninformed ordinary people believe that a Russian water-heated stove is like a saucepan with pipes passing through the brickwork. This is not true, although there are cylindrical boilers - they are more used in metal units powered by solid fuel, electricity or diesel fuel.

For a brick stove, the boiler is a set of tubes welded to another, larger in diameter, and working as a feed in the stove heating system. Arranged in the shape of the letter P, they will be washed by flames, which will allow the media to heat up at high speed and circulate throughout the system.

The boiler should be installed in the very center of the firebox so that the fin tubes are on both sides of the chamber. Before starting work, it is necessary to have a complete drawing according to which the boiler and subsequent masonry will be manufactured.

Brick kiln performance

The task of any stove is to compensate for heat loss during the cold season. Cooking food and drying things are additional, albeit important functions. But when calculating power they are practically not taken into account.

The main parameter is the thermal characteristics of the building. To calculate them, energy losses through the floor, walls, ceiling, doors and windows are added up. If the building has ventilation ducts, they must be taken into account. The productivity of a Dutch or Swedish woman should exceed the obtained value by 10-15%. Otherwise it will be cold in winter.

During the use of stoves for a red brick house (pictured), the interdependencies between the area of ​​a separate room and heat loss under different conditions, for example, in the presence of only one or two external walls, were experimentally established.

In the second case, the calculations become more complicated, since the height of the ceiling is taken into account. If the surfaces of the firebox face the rooms and are closed, correction factors are used. They allow you to correct the data.

How often should you light the stove?

Taking into account how often fuel has to be loaded, all units belong to one of the groups listed below:

• periodic action. Firewood or coal is added from time to time. The combustion temperature can reach 1000 0C. To avoid fire and premature destruction of the structure, the wall thickness should start from ¾ brick;
• continuous burning. Heat is not accumulated. The density of the walls does not exceed ½ stone. The firebox is of shaft type. In the standard version, firewood smolders for up to a day. Energy is released evenly, in relatively small portions.

The second type of firebox requires large volumes of oxygen to operate. They are recommended for homes with permanent residence. At dachas and cottages used only on weekends, it is better to choose designs with periodic action.

In relation to the previously discussed types of equipment, the following must be indicated:

• Russian stove. During the cold season it is heated continuously. The body should not cool down. Otherwise, condensation will accumulate in the channels. The brick gets wet and cracks during subsequent ignition. In the summer months, by moving the valves, the fumes from the firebox are directed directly into the chimney. There is no heating effect;
• Dutch. After ignition, it warms up in a few minutes. But it cools down just as quickly if you don’t close the view in time. Recommended operating mode: continuous smoldering;
• Swede. In winter, it cannot be cooled completely due to accumulating condensation. The masonry can completely collapse within a few months;
• bell-shaped Operation in any mode is allowed. Warm up in a few minutes.

Selection of modern stoves:

Wood stove designs changed almost completely at the turn of the 1990s. There are two main types of modern wood stoves that provide afterburning of flue gases and low emissions of harmful products of incomplete combustion of fuel:

Non-catalytic furnaces

Non-catalytic furnaces do not use catalysts, but are equipped with at least three design elements that provide good conditions for the most complete combustion of fuel and combustion of flue gases. This is good thermal insulation of the firebox, a large deflector to lengthen the path of flue gases inside the stove, and the supply of heated air through injectors above the combustion zone in the firebox. Partitions and other internal elements of a non-catalytic furnace require periodic replacement due to high temperatures with good fuel combustion efficiency.

Catalytic furnaces

Catalytic furnaces contain ceramic honeycomb catalytic elements, which ensure the re-ignition of under-oxidized components of the flue gases. The catalytic element degrades over time and must be replaced periodically.

Modern stoves certified to environmental standards have the following advantages over outdated, uncertified heating devices:

• Toxic emissions are reduced by 55%
• Average daily PM2.5 emissions are reduced by 70%
• Energy efficiency increases by 50-70%
• 30-50% less firewood is used

The best modern stoves have environmental labels indicating their level of particulate matter emissions. Under the US Clean Air Act of 1990, particulate matter emissions must not exceed 7.5 g/h for non-catalytic stoves and 4.1 g/h for catalytic stoves. According to the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard, emissions should not exceed 4.5 g/h. According to Canadian standards in 2010, the standards are 4.5 g/h for furnaces without a catalytic element and 2.5 g/h for catalytic furnaces. By 2020, all environmentally certified furnaces in the United States and Canada will be required to emit particulate matter of no more than 2.5 g/hour.

How to choose a stove for a red brick house - photo

If we are talking not only about heating, but also about complementing the interior, you can give preference to a round Irish stove. The thickness of the walls is ¼ stone. To give additional strength and increase heat transfer, a metal frame is “put on top”. It will strengthen the masonry and allow you to decorate the outer surfaces with forging.

If there are always people in the building, and there is a desire to cook food on wood or coal, you should choose a square or rectangular design, for example, Russian or Swedish. If you need a fireplace more as a stove for your home, pay attention to thin-walled Dutch or round Irish stoves. They are ideal if you don't need a special cooktop. And the front surface can be decorated with elegant tiles. They can become both an addition to the interior.

Do you want to stop using a gas stove? Variations of the Swede are at your service. They will warm you up and allow you to brew coffee over an open flame. The main thing is to correctly lay out and select the source materials.

Where to place the stove in the house

The main focus is on the design phase. The quality of the drawings determines the safety, performance properties, and aesthetic appeal of heating equipment. If you don’t have your own drawing skills, it’s better to turn to professionals. When choosing a place for placement, both the type of heater itself and the area of ​​the cottage or part of it that is planned to be heated are taken into account.

Selection of working tools

Then you can move on to the tools. For work you will need:

• jointing With its help, concrete is poured into the seams;
• trowel;
• pick;
• shovel for mixing and supplying the solution;
• special line.

Materials

The next stage is purchasing the material. The heat transfer of the stove and its durability will depend on the quality of the brick. The rules are as follows:

• the outer surface is made of brick (grade M-500). They do not crack, do not lose their consumer properties during periodic heating or cooling;
• Only refractory bricks are suitable for the combustion chamber.

In addition, you will need sifted sand and high-quality clay.

Laying the foundation

Materials have been purchased. You can move on to the construction stage. It is important to understand that the stove must stand on a strong and high-quality foundation. It is better to lay it at the same time as the base of the entire house.

If the decision to build a Dutch or Swedish one is made only now, you will have to:

• dig a hole. On each side there should be at least 20 cm to the walls;
• level the bottom and fill it with sand, followed by thorough compaction;
• lay a waterproofing membrane;
• install formwork;
• pour concrete (1 part cement x 2.5 parts sand x 4 parts small crushed stone) to ground level. The surface of the foundation must be strictly horizontal;
• wait 5-6 days for the concrete to harden. After this, you can disassemble the formwork and lay waterproofing.

If, as a result, the foundation ends up below the floor level, it is leveled by additional pouring of concrete mixture. In the latter case, the formwork is rebuilt. The entire space around the foundation is filled with soil and thoroughly compacted.

Masonry process

First, a mixture of sand and clay, previously soaked, is prepared. It fills the gaps between the outer and inner walls. They are displayed separately, but there should be no spaces between them. The lowest rows are only made of solid brick and with a sling. Then the brick is cut taking into account the selected modification. The chopped side faces the inside of the masonry. To build a chimney you will need red burnt stones. Knowing the “castle” layout will not be superfluous. A brick chimney must be lined with a FERRUM stainless steel chimney to prevent the formation of condensation and premature destruction.

Is the oven built? There is no need to rush to melt it. You must wait at least 3 weeks.

Three options for laying a stove with orders

Below is information regarding the construction of the main body of heating equipment. Laying the foundation is discussed in detail in the previous paragraph of this article. The most popular modifications are selected as examples.

Russian with a high bed

Settles in regions with cold and temperate climates. It is heated once/twice a day.

Below are descriptions of the rows:

• The first should be continuous using cement or lime mortar.
• Starting from the 2nd to the 4th, they begin to build a semblance of a well. On the front side there is a hole for baking. A prerequisite is the presence of a dressing.
• 5th - beginning of the arch. To lay it out, you will need shaped formwork, and the heels of the bricks will have to be pulled off. The operation continues in lines 6 and 7. In the 8th the vault closes.
• Rows 8 to 10 are laid out in one stone. At 11, the cold stove turns off. A layer of sand is poured on top. It should slope towards the rear.
• In the 12th, a continuous surface of refractory stone is laid out over the poured sand. This part of the firebox will be in direct contact with the fire. It is desirable that the floor is perfectly level. Does not work? You can add sand and sand the outer surface.
• Rows 13 to 16 are a crucible. Blocks - 3/4, with a sling. No masonry mortar is required at this stage. To make castles, the stones are cut to 450.
• Starting from the 17th line, the mouth and posterior surface are formed. The cooking chamber is being built. A brick with hewn heels is placed on its edge.
• 18th. The furnace walls are laid out. To fill the free space between the individual chambers you will need sand. You can add cut heels to it.
• 19th - laying out the vaulted opening above the pole. Behind it is the mouth.
• 20th - the walls are leveled. The hole above the pole is reduced. A cross-pipe is formed.
• The 21st row is no different from the 19th.
• 22nd - the vault closes. On the right is a chamber in which soot will accumulate. The view is also located here. With its help, the chimney is blocked so that the heat does not escape into the atmosphere too quickly.
• Lines 22 to 32 - laying out the overpipe, laying the view and building a chimney channel. The cross-section of the latter is 26x26 cm.

After this, all that remains is to remove the outer pipe and mount an additional damper. It will require a steel corner or strip 3 mm thick.

Semicircular chambers can be replaced with ordinary rectangular ones.

Improved "Teplushka"

All brick ovens have one common drawback - the walls heat up unevenly. Builders are trying to solve this problem by introducing changes to the design. This is how “Teplushka” appeared. After fuel combustion, part of the gas leaves the house immediately through the chimney. The remainder goes into the channels and is intended for space heating.

Heat transfer in comparison with the classic Russian modification increases immediately by 2.5 times. Structurally, “Teplushka” is closer to its bell-type analogues. The chamber is divided into 2 parts: food is prepared in the upper part, fuel is burned in the lower part. The floor itself is supported by pre-installed posts. Additionally, there are 4 openings on the sides to allow combustion products to pass through. The minimum chimney height is 5 meters. The countdown is from the bottom of the firebox.

The main differences from the traditional version are the displacement of the channel relative to the firebox. To remove cooled gas, special holes are laid at the bottom of the channel.

Important! The damper must be closed during cooking. You can use a special peephole.

The orders for the "Teplushka" are presented in numerous diagrams. The main requirement is that to increase heat transfer, the ceiling installed in line 21 is carefully covered with a mixture of sand and debris.

Simple stove with shield

This option is for those who want to build a stove at their dacha or in a small country cottage (no more than 20 square meters) with minimal costs, including temporary ones. The firebox is made of fireclay clinker, optionally red solid (provided that only coal will be used as fuel).

Cooking and burning fuel are in separate chambers. Gases pass through the cooking chamber and pass into the chimney. Photos of brick stoves for the home allow you to see in detail all the necessary masonry sections.

A horizontal channel is installed at the very bottom. Thanks to it, the air near the foundation warms up well. A microclimate favorable for humans is created in the room.

Heating with a Russian stove according to the Leningradka scheme

The system is the most economical among similar ones. The scheme is a simple single-pipe design suitable for a one-story house. The center becomes a furnace that generates fuel energy into heat.

The water receives its temperature from the boiler, and then the carrier is distributed throughout the house through piping. Simplicity lies in the serial connection of all elements involved in heating - stove, water tank, radiators. Cost-effectiveness is expressed in the short length of pipes. However, there are also disadvantages:

1. Low pressure inside the system makes stove heating with a water circuit, Leningradka scheme, not very productive. It will be necessary to include a circulation pump in the components, which, naturally, will entail energy costs.
2. It is not possible to install wiring for heated towel rails or heated floors.
3. Heat transfer is uneven - the last radiator receives much less temperature in the medium. He has time to cool down before reaching the extreme point.

Before installing a system using this principle yourself, it makes sense to learn about the intricacies from a professional - such a scheme is suitable for small dachas or garages, where the presence of an aesthetic component is not important. If the owners agree to a heating design according to this scheme, then it is easy to do. How - the answer is above.

The foundations and traditions of a private home are strong. This also applies to heating. A Russian stove with a water heating boiler, which is arranged correctly, will preserve the style of the house and at the same time make living in every room comfortable. It is only important to choose the device option, observe the masonry conditions and conduct the combustion process correctly.

Valentina Kirillov

Author of publications on 1Drevo.ru with topics: Tables and benches | Guest house-bath | Order a log house | Solar collector | Glued laminated timber | Decorating the house with clapboard | Round caulking | Log houses made of timber | Panel house | Log house | Glued laminated timber, etc.

Collections of publications on topics:

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You can find out detailed and expanded information on the topic of the article from the book “Wooden Houses,” which reflects all stages of building a house, from laying the foundation to installing the roof. Book price = 77 rubles.

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Advantages of a brick kiln

The main advantage of Swedes and bell-shaped variations is their heat capacity. If you choose the right place for placement and lay it out without errors, you can maintain a comfortable temperature in 4 rooms at once using one device.

Additional advantages include:

• independence from central heating;
• environmental cleanliness. If you don’t throw plastic yogurt jars into the firebox, a minimum of harmful substances will be released into the atmosphere;
• unpretentiousness in care and maintenance;
• the ability to choose a completely unique exterior design.

Another important aspect is the creation of a favorable microclimate in the rooms. The air does not dry out, and the walls warm up well.

Tips from the professionals

A brick stove in a wooden house will create an aura of warmth and comfort - interior photos confirm this. But its masonry should be treated with special attention.

On specialized websites, experts and amateurs share their experiences and present ordering schemes. You can also find plenty of finishing tips.

To summarize the most frequently encountered recommendations, we can highlight the following:

• special attention to the dressing and thickness of the seams. The last parameter must be the same throughout the array;
• brick blocks are pre-soaked in water;
• for cutting you will need a grinder with diamond wheels;
• In the smoke ducts on the walls, no cement should be visible from the seams.

Main advice: if you have no experience in construction work at all, it is better to initially contact a specialized company.