Reconstruction of an old floor in an old house

“If we lie down on the sofa and lie there for six months, we will not be able to get up. If the brain reads idiotic magazines, communicates with fools, listens to light, meaningless music and watches stupid movies, then there is nothing to complain about. The brain must work hard. Hard is the key word. It must be difficult for the brain. A book that may be easy for someone, but for you it is difficult. A movie you don't understand. This means you will think, read criticism. Or a performance where it is not clear what the director wanted to say. In this case, the brain will be busy with work.”

Luck with genes is like inheriting a Steinway piano. Good, of course, but you still need to learn how to play it.

The brain remembers everything it passed, smelled, tasted, heard, touched, and so on. The brain is not a sieve. Nothing comes out of it. Roughly speaking, we don’t forget anything, it’s just that most of the data is in the “Other” folder. Therefore: you don’t need to listen to bad music, you don’t need to read bad books, you don’t need to eat all kinds of crap, you don’t need to drink crap, you don’t need to communicate with bad people.

Generally speaking, creativity requires releasing cognitive control and not being afraid of making mistakes. Mistakes are great. And who can say what an error is?

Many creative people say that insights come unexpectedly, during routine actions that have nothing to do with the task being solved: I watch TV, read a book - and suddenly I form this connection that has not appeared for a long time! The history of science shows that a discovery cannot be planned except through technical achievements (a computer can also make them), and ideas come to mind when a person is completely unprepared for it.

The opening cannot be done according to plan. True, there is an essential addition: they come to prepared minds. You see, his cook did not dream of the periodic table. He worked on it for a long time, his brain continued to think, and it just “clicked” in his sleep. I say this: “The periodic table is terribly tired of this story, and it decided to appear to him in all its glory.”

People have the wrong attitudes; they believe that, for example, a cook is worse than a conductor. This is not true: a brilliant chef will outshine all conductors, I tell you as a gourmet. Comparing them is like sour and square - the question is posed incorrectly. Everyone is good in their place.

Insulation of houses in Rus'

Wood was the main building material in Rus'. Every owner always knew how much material and firewood was needed to heat a new house, because in ancient times they used a large Russian stove to heat rooms. Even during construction, our ancestors thought about thermal protection: they selected the thickness of the logs, installed double window frames, and insulated the attic floor. Nowadays, many people have forced ventilation in their homes, but in ancient times there were practically no problems with ventilating the room.

In winter, the house served not only the owners, but also became a shelter for livestock. The stove prevented anyone from freezing, and the warmth of the animals was used as an additional source of heating. But, of course, this was a necessary measure. The correct layout of the house also insulated the room, protecting it from cold northern winds. In the walls that were directed to the north, windows and doors were made only in extreme cases. The stove was located near the coldest wall to prevent the hut from cooling down. The windows were directed to the south so that the sun's rays would fall into the house longer. These tricks helped our ancestors insulate their houses without extra costs.

Today, many people are building bathhouses on their property. It is clear that it should be as warm as possible. If the owners do not want to get an unsuitable design, then they should think about every moment at the planning level. But when creating a full-fledged bathhouse, you can save a lot on firewood.

What should you think about? Insulating the ceiling of a bathhouse is an important stage in construction. There are enough proposals for materials on the market. Before starting construction, it is worth considering any action. After all, each material has its own characteristics and fastening technology.

Floor insulation in a wooden house

Insulation of the floor in a log house must be carried out, since it is through the lower part that the building loses a large amount of heat. To do this, a subfloor is attached to the joists: it should be located between the beams; slabs and other cheap lumber can be used to make it.

Then a waterproofing layer is laid between the beams, on which the insulation is placed. It is important that the waterproofing is reliable, and that the insulation boards themselves are laid slightly overlapping so that there are no gaps left.

The insulation material is covered with another layer of waterproofing, after which it is covered with finished floor boards. Any external covering can be laid on top - laminate, linoleum, parquet boards, etc. The multi-layer structure of the floor structure will provide both strength and protection from rotting and the harmful effects of moisture.

Ceiling insulation is carried out in a similar way: a waterproofing layer is placed between the ceiling beams, on which mineral wool is laid. This material is breathable and quite effective for insulation.

The question “How to properly insulate a wooden house?” - the undisputed weekly leader of the “Construction and Repair” section. Log and timber homes built decades ago have aged and begin to let in the cold during the winter months.

Mistakes when insulating a wooden house

Therefore, it is very important to eliminate possible mistakes that regularly arise when wooden log houses are not insulated with modern materials. Let's look at the most common of them.

Mistake #1. Insulating a log house without inspecting the condition of the wood

As a rule, already “aged” log cabins are insulated. On the one hand, this is technologically convenient: the log house has already completely settled down and the dimensions of the structure remain unchanged. However, the past years could not help but leave traces on biologically living material - wood.

For the most part, old log cabins are insulated

Therefore, before the planned insulation, which implies that there will be no access to the logs for many years, it is necessary to carefully examine all the crowns and reject defective fragments . If there is a wood-eating bug in the logs, I will make a cautious assumption that it is no longer advisable to insulate the house. A radical cure for such a case, other than a week of forty-degree frost, has not yet been invented. Read more about this problem in the articles:

Good wood should be impregnated with a fire-fighting and antiseptic composition and dried thoroughly . Carrying out insulation on damp wood is a mistake.

Mistake #2. Inattention to caulking

Traditional caulking is done, strictly speaking, not to insulate the log house, but to prevent it from blowing out, which ultimately affects the preservation of heat in the house.

When caulking, the material used is flax batting.

When deciding to insulate log facades, pay attention to the condition of the caulking along all the crowns . You should not dismiss this operation. Perhaps it is thanks to 2-3 defects of this natural insulator that your house is cold in winter.

At the beginning of 2020, a reader contacted the editorial office of www.7dach.ru asking for help with modern insulation. Word for word, it turned out that the cunning birds had long been pulling caulking fibers out of her log house for their nests.

A rope that is loosely twisted, has protruding fibers, or is not tightly clogged will be pulled apart by birds.

It seems that after finding out this fact, our dear reader’s craving for total insulation has weakened somewhat.

Mistake #3. Insulating a log house from the wrong side

From which side should the log house be insulated? This is truly a conceptual question that you need to solve for yourself once and for all. In addition, it would be useful to share the acquired knowledge with friends and neighbors.

Several methods to choose from

As already noted, there are plenty of ways, you just have to choose your own and implement the project. How is the choice made? This is influenced by what is above the ceiling:

• Uninsulated attic space.
• Residential attic.
• Flat roof, with little space.

Despite this, there are limitations to the work. Experts identify several main areas:

As a result, each procedure gives the main result - insulation of the bathhouse ceiling. You can complete this operation with your own hands in a couple of days. Before you begin, you should understand the effectiveness of each action, the preparation of material and tools required in the work process. Having understood the nuances, you can begin installation.

Flat ceiling

During the work process, you will need several component materials - expanded clay, clay and sawdust. When there is a cold attic, but there is no desire to insulate it, then it is worth considering some points. The flooring option is the most suitable for this design.

This is a simplified construction - since there are no loads on the ceiling, strengthening the beams will not be required. The rough structure will lie directly on the harness. From the name of this method it is clear that an embankment will be produced. Therefore, it is worth laying the block with a thickness of at least 4 centimeters to prevent collapse.

Vapor barrier

It must be said about Its function - it is not only protection from steam, but also the ability to withstand high temperatures. There is not a wide range of such products on the market, so choosing will not be difficult. Many people think that foil is the best option.

The insulating layer is made of expanded clay, clay and straw. If this is a modern flooring, then to prevent component elements from spilling through the cracks, paper (necessarily waxed) is used. The thickness of the coating reaches 30 centimeters. This is quite enough to ensure maximum protection and prevent heat from escaping outside. Expanded clay of various fractions is available for sale. It is important to lay it so that no voids are formed. This is the only way to insulate the ceiling in a bathhouse with expanded clay with your own hands.

Some craftsmen additionally fill the surface with boards of small thickness (for separation.) But there is no great need for this.

Reconstruction of an old floor in an old house

Question:

Dear Semenovich, good afternoon! The question is this: the old floor in an old wooden house was removed, the earth was raked out, and it was leveled.

How to properly lay joists, lay the floor, what kind of bedding should be used?

Is it possible to cover wooden walls with chipboards? We would like to do everything with our daughter ourselves, because... There are no men in the house, and hiring is very expensive, please advise!

Best regards, Elena, Kaluga.

Answer:

Hello, Elena from Kaluga!

It's not a woman's job to make floors in a house. However, if there is no other way, then you will have to.

If the soil under the house is dry and the groundwater is not high, then there is no need to do any bedding. As well as any waterproofing.

Depending on whether the house is for permanent residence or temporary residence, the floors are installed.

For a garden house, non-insulated floors are also suitable, when a finished floor is simply laid on the joists and that’s the end of it.

In the case of a house for permanent residence, insulated floors should be installed. Which consists of logs, subfloor, insulation, finishing floor.

The logs are usually placed every 0.6 meters and they are, at a minimum, an edged board, preferably 150/50 millimeters in size and installed on an edge for less deflection.

The logs should rest with their ends on the base of the foundation through waterproofing made of roofing felt in two layers, or, in extreme cases, on the lower edge beam (log) of the house. And also on intermediate posts with a distance between them of no more than two meters approximately.

The columns are made of stone (brick, blocks, reinforced concrete). Although they can also be made in combination - the support is in the form of a fragment of 1/4 - 1/3 of the road curb (preferably the old Soviet model, they are highly durable). A wooden post or metal assortment (pipe, angle, channel, I-beam) of sufficient height is installed on the fragment. And the log rests on such a column. Through waterproofing.

Since the inside of a permanent home is warm, insulation of the base of the supports does not need to be done. In gardens and dachas it is a little different - thick insulation (such as polystyrene foam) is placed around the support and sprinkled with sand. Then, during seasonal freezing-thawing of the soil, vertical movements of the supports are unlikely.

The subfloor is made by attaching a cranial block to the side surfaces of the joists, and cuttings of edged boards with a length equal to the distance between the joists (slightly less than 0.6 meters) are placed on it. Insulation is placed on the boards, the minimum thickness is 5 centimeters. The insulation on top and bottom is covered with film if necessary. And such a need occurs with possible high humidity.

Then a gap of 2 to 5 centimeters is left between the upper surface of the insulation and the lower surface of the finished floor (floorboard).

Alternatively, instead of a floorboard, you can lay an edged board with a thickness of 25 millimeters or more, and plywood or hardboard on it. Gaps between boards are allowed from 1 to 2 centimeters. Fastening plywood (about 8 - 12 millimeters thick) or hardboard - with self-tapping screws in increments of 10 - 15 centimeters.

Antiseptic treatment and painting of floor elements are mandatory, I’ll omit the details, it’s elementary.

All this has been described many times in the materials on my website; search and you will find it.

Of course, all this has been said is just one of the possible options; everything can be done according to a slightly different scenario, but this one is minimal in price.

You are asking about the possibility of using chipboard for wall cladding. This option is possible, although it is the last century. Nowadays, instead of old and fragile chipboards, OSB (oriented strand boards) are used; they are thinner, stronger and more environmentally friendly. Although they should be subjected to further coloring.

Here is a very short answer to your question, without going into a lot of small details, although they are sometimes very important.

Good luck to you!

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Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Floors

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Semenych (author of materials)

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Clay and other options

The next type is the use of clay. It is initially soaked and then mixed with straw or sawdust. Insulation of the ceiling in the bathhouse is done when a homogeneous composition is achieved. Afterwards, the resulting mass is distributed around the perimeter of the insulation zone. There is another option: you can dilute the clay, place it over the entire area, and let it dry for four days. Afterwards, repair the cracks that appear with the same solution. Sprinkle sawdust or oak leaves on the surface, up to 9 centimeters. The final layer is 5 centimeters of dry clay.

A vapor barrier material is installed on the side of the bathhouse (towards the sub-ceiling). The joints are sealed with construction tape. Afterwards the lathing is made, and the ceiling is already installed on it. This could be a forcing or just a chopping block. The choice will depend on the financial capabilities of the owner.

If both of these options are compared, then there is one common disadvantage. That's a lot of weight. This means that the ceiling should be made of thick boards. The advantage of this method is inexpensive starting materials. A good option is to insulate the ceilings in bathhouses with mineral wool yourself. Expanded polystyrene is also often used. But such materials will not be cheap.

How foundations were insulated in the old days

It’s not for nothing that in the old days, when the heating devices in the huts had only one stove, they always built a heap around the perimeter of the house. After all, even strip foundations made of concrete were rare; houses were mostly built on large stones, like on a columnar foundation. Since the only insulation materials available were sawdust and straw, which did not last long outside the house, the subfloor around the perimeter was covered with sand, covered with small stones, etc.

Photo of a typical pile - for insulating the foundation and underground space

At the same time, the problem of protecting the foundation from frost and moisture was solved, which means the durability of the foundation increases.

false ceiling

It is not so easy to create such ceiling insulation in a bathhouse with a cold roof. This is required for those who wish to create a room on the erected structure. If there will be a living space on the second floor, then it is worth making the floors reliable and complete. Afterwards the ceiling is already finished. Before starting work prepare:

• Construction stapler and tape measure.
• Hammer and saw.
• Sharp knife.
• Mallet.
• Beams.
• Foil.
• Metal tape.
• Nails with a protective layer.
• Laths for sheathing.
• Lining or other finishing material.
• Insulation.
• Edged board.
• Vapor barrier film.

Before purchasing, you should calculate the amount of insulation for the bathhouse ceiling. If the bulk method is chosen, then the calculation is made based on the height and area of ​​the ceiling. Don't forget about the climatic indicators in the region. What the insulation will look like from bottom to top:

After preparing the necessary materials and required tools, the process of performing the work begins:

• First you need to lay the floor beams.
• After which the vapor barrier is fixed to them from below. To do this, purchase foil. To completely eliminate the passage of air, it is worth sealing with metal tape. It is good to carry out such work with a stapler.
• To ensure that steam does not accumulate, the slats are fixed and a gap of 3 centimeters is made.
• For finishing it is better to use lining. But such material is not cheap, so if desired, you can replace it with something.
• Next is to climb into the attic. Insulation material and vapor barrier are laid between the beams. But what to choose? It is good to insulate the ceiling of a bathhouse with basalt wool.
• Afterwards it is worth laying a layer of waterproofing. If we are talking about a bathhouse, then it is better to give preference to a membrane.
• Next, edged boards are used, everything is hidden under them. Since this part will become the floor for the second floor, you should not use concrete. It's heavy.
• Flooring is carried out as a finishing material.

The process is not complicated and anyone can handle it. You should not skip any of the stages, otherwise the design will be unreliable and will not create additional heat.

Don’t think “like everyone else,” or the problems of creative children

Creative people teach themselves and start doing it very early. They never consider their unusual ideas, their discoveries, to be something extraordinary. This is the most common and obvious thing for them. They often do not understand what their merit actually is, if everything is so obvious. Obviously IM...

Such people, as a rule, get into trouble at school; most of them are smarter than the teachers. They certainly don't know what the teachers know, but they may be smarter. And therefore they find themselves in a very difficult situation, finding themselves under pressure from society.

I had a colleague, a pediatric therapist, who told the following story. One boy, a total failure at school, while sitting at home, being seven years old, invented a steam engine. And he not only invented it, but assembled it.

Imagine: a steam engine running on sunflower oil, splashing this very hot oil, rushes around the apartment! At the same time, everyone considers the boy a fool.

How to insulate a panel ceiling?

Masters say that such a design is rare in a bathhouse, because it is difficult to work with. The fact is that you need to mount a pallet into which the main materials will be loaded. In your work you will need to use:

• Hammer.
• Saw.
• Construction stapler.
• Sharp knife.
• Nails.
• Foil.
• Mineral wool.
• Bars.
• Boards.

To insulate the ceiling of a bathhouse with mineral wool, it is worth taking a thickness of up to 10 centimeters. The material is easy to work with, as it is cut with a knife, inserted and, if necessary, pressed. You need to install the pallet depending on the room itself, but the width can reach up to half a meter.

Knowing the length and width of the ceiling, you can calculate in advance how much it costs to purchase. There is no need to take extra. Sometimes mineral wool has a higher density. In such a situation, you won’t be able to compress it—you can only cut it. But these pieces can be used in some recesses. If the size of the bathhouse ceiling is 3.5 by 3.5 meters, then 22 standard mats will be enough.

It is clear that in the bathhouse the temperature rises greatly, so using any insulation will not work. Particular attention is paid to the place where the person will steam. The material must be:

• Non-flammable. In case of fire, do not create smoke.
• Capable of not reacting to temperatures up to 100 degrees.
• Do not accept liquid.
• Do not release chemicals into the air.

Finding completely high-quality and suitable material is not so easy, because each has its own pros and cons. Therefore, you should base your choice on the basis of these data. How the work is going:

• The new design is made first. To do this, you need bars or boards, the length of which can reach up to half a meter.
• The bars are fixed at a distance of half a meter, and the boards are fixed to the fasteners perpendicularly. An indent of 4 centimeters is made from the edge.
• According to external data, this is a box. The vapor barrier goes deep into it. Then it is fixed. This shield needs to be raised up. It is better to strengthen it so that it does not fall apart.
• The created shields are placed close to each other on the roof.
• The supports for such a structure will be the walls. It follows from this that their length should be identical. The insulation is laid in existing pockets. Next is the laying of the flooring boards and then the finishing floor.

Panel ceilings are used in two-story baths. It is compared to a hemmed one. As a result, everyone decides for themselves whether to save money on the construction of the structure. When installing a panel ceiling, you should not use plastic in the finishing. He is very afraid of high temperatures. So, a few hours after using the bathhouse, this entire structure can simply become deformed, ruining the entire interior of the room.